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| Adult, San Diego County |
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Adult, San Diego County |
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| Adult, San Diego County |
Adult, San Gabriel Mountains,
Los Angeles County |
Adult, San Diego County |
Adult, San Diego County |
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| Adult, San Diego County. Specimen courtesy of Robert Applegate |
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| Adult, San Diego County © Jay Keller |
Adult, San Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles County. © Mike Ryan |
Adult, Ventura County
© Stacey Bergman |
Adult, Riverside County
© Nick Barrientos
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Eye open on the left, and eye closed, on the right,
showing the transparent lower eyelid of this species. |
Whiptail Tracks in sand |
Whiptails, genus Aspidoscelis, have small granular dorsal scales. |
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| Behavior |
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| Adult eating a potato bug, Los Angeles County © Joel A. Germond |
Adult eating a Jerusalem Cricket in the Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County © Max Roberts |
A Coast Patch-nosed Snake trying to kill and eat a San Diegan Tiger Whiptail in San Diego County © Tom Day
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Copulating adults,
Baja California |
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| Pigment Aberrations |
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| Albino juvenile, Riverside County © Cooper Bailey |
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| Habitat |
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| Habitat, San Diego County |
Habitat, eastern San Diego County
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Habitat, 3000 ft., San Diego County |
Coastal habitat, San Diego County
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| Habitat, Riverside County |
Habitat, San Gabriel Mountains,
Los Angeles County |
Habitat, San Gabriel Mountains,
Los Angeles County |
Habitat, western San Bernardino County |
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Habitat, Santa Ana Mountains,
Riverside County |
Habitat, Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County © Grigory Heaton |
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| Short Video |
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| After being released, a Coastal Whiptail remains motionless for a short time before it slowly comes to life and races into the bushes faster than the camera can track it. It was found in a pit trap, then measured and marked in case of re-capture. The shock of the ordeal and the morning chill must have contributed to its initial sluggishness and disorientation. |
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| Description |
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| Size |
Aspidoscelis tigris as a species is 2 3/8 - 5 inches inches long snout to vent (6 - 12.7 cm), up to around 13 inches (33 cm) total length.
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| Appearance |
A slim-bodied lizard with a long slender tail, a pointed snout, and large symmetrical head plates.
Scales on the back are small and granular, and scales on the tail are keeled.
The belly is made of large, smooth, rectangular scales in 8 lengthwise rows.
The tail can reach up to two times the length of the body.
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| Color and Pattern |
The back and sides are grey, tan, or brown, marked with dark spots or bars or mottling, which is often very sharply defined.
Dark marks on the side don't form vertical bars.
Usually 8 poorly-defined light brown stripes are present, but stripes on the side are less well-defined.
The throat is pale with with large black spots.
Often there are reddish patches on the sides of the belly.
The tail tip is dark or bluish.. |
| Young |
Some juveniles have fairly well-defined stripes, most notably in inland Orange County, but they also have other irregular spots and stripes that can be used to differentiate them from sympatric more fully-striped Aspidoscelis hyperythra.
In the San Diego area, juveniles are spotted.
The tail tip is bright blue on juveniles.
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| Life History and Behavior |
Activity |
Diurnal.
Wary and very active, moving with abrupt stops and starts, side-to-side head movement, and tongue flicking.
Often seen digging rapidly when foraging.
Difficult to approach - typically foraging near cover, and capable of quick bursts of speed into heavy brush or holes. |
| Diet and Feeding |
| Small invertebrates, especially spiders, scorpions, centipedes, and termites, and small lizards. |
| Reproduction |
Unlike some species of whiptails which are all females, there are male and female western whiptails.
Males and females usually begin mating in May and females lay eggs shortly thereafter.
Females lay one clutch of eggs per year.
Eggs hatch from May to August.
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| Habitat |
Found in a variety of ecosystems, primarily hot and dry open areas with sparse foliage - chaparral, woodland, and riparian areas.
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| Geographical Range |
This subspecies is found in coastal Southern California, mostly west of the Peninsular Ranges and south of the Transverse Ranges, and north into Ventura County. Ranges south into Baja California.
The species (Aspidoscelis tigris) ranges from Oregon and southern Idaho, south through California and Nevada to Baja California, and east into Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico and south into Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico.
(My California range map shows a question mark in the northeast corner of the state. The California Dept. of Fish and Wildlife maps show the species present in much of Shasta, Siskiyou, Modoc, and Lassen Counties. The 2003 Stebbins field guide and the 2012 Stebbins & McGinnis field guide show a question mark in the area, as I do. I have searched museum records but I have found no records for A. tigris in Siskiyou or Modoc counties.)
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| Elevational Range |
The species is found at sea level to 7,000 ft. (2,130 m). This subspecies may differ somewhat.
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| Notes on Taxonomy |
The common name of this subspecies of Tiger Whiptail has long been "Coastal Whiptail, including in the Sixth edition of the S.S.A.R. common and scientific names list published in 2008, which is the list I follow on this web site. In the Seventh edition of the S.S.A.R. list, published in 2012, the common name was changed to "San Diegan Tiger Whiptail" though the change was not explained. This common name is still in use (May 2019) on both the S.S.A.R. and the C.N.A.H. common names lists, however "Coastal Whiptail" is also still used elsewhere.
Alternate and Previous Names (Synonyms)
Aspidoscelis tigris stejnegeri - Coastal Whiptail (Stebbins & McGinnis 2012)
Cnemidophorus tigris stejnegeri - Coastal Whiptail (Stebbins 2003)
Cnemidophorus tigris multiscutatus - Coastal Whiptail (Stebbins 1954, 1966, 1985)
Cnemidophorus tessselatus tesselatus - Common Tesselated Racerunner (Smith 1946)
Cnemidophorus tigris stejnegeri - Stejneger Whip-tailed Lizard (Cnemidophorus grahamii stejnegerii; Cnemidophorus tessellatus tessellatus, part, Cnemidophorus grahamiii; Cnemidophorus tigris undulatus, part. Graham's Striped Lizard; Stejneger's Whip-tail) (Grinnell and Camp 1917)
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| Conservation Issues (Conservation Status) |
| This lizard inhabits habitats in coastal southern California which have been altered and fragmented by development. |
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Taxonomy |
| Family |
Teiidae |
Whiptails and Racerunners |
Gray, 1827 |
| Genus |
Aspidoscelis (formerly Cnemidophorus) |
Whiptails |
Fitzinger, 1843 |
| Species |
tigris |
Tiger Whiptail |
(Baird and Girard, 1852) |
Subspecies
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stejnegeri |
San Diegan Tiger Whiptail |
(Van Denburgh, 1894) |
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Original Description |
Cnemidophorus tigris - Baird and Girard, 1852 - Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Vol. 6, p. 69
Cnemidophorus tigris multiscutatus - Cope, "1892" 1893 - Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., Vol. 17, p. 38
from Original Description Citations for the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America © Ellin Beltz
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Meaning of the Scientific Name |
Aspidoscelis = "shield-leg" from the Ancient Greek aspido- ("shield") and skelos ("leg").
from Wickipedia
tigris - Latin - of a tiger - refers to the dorsal pattern
stejnegeri - prob. honors Stejneger, Leonhard
from Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America - Explained © Ellin Beltz
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Related or Similar California Lizards |
Great Basin Whiptail - A. t. tigris
California Whiptail - A. t. munda
Belding's Orange-throated Whiptail - Aspidoscelis hyperythra beldingi
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More Information and References |
California Department of Fish and Wildlife
Stebbins, Robert C., and McGinnis, Samuel M. Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of California: Revised Edition (California Natural History Guides) University of California Press, 2012.
Stebbins, Robert C. California Amphibians and Reptiles. The University of California Press, 1972.
Flaxington, William C. Amphibians and Reptiles of California: Field Observations, Distribution, and Natural History. Fieldnotes Press, Anaheim, California, 2021.
Samuel M. McGinnis and Robert C. Stebbins. Peterson Field Guide to Western Reptiles & Amphibians. 4th Edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2018.
Stebbins, Robert C. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. 3rd Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2003.
Behler, John L., and F. Wayne King. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.
Powell, Robert., Joseph T. Collins, and Errol D. Hooper Jr. A Key to Amphibians and Reptiles of the Continental United States and Canada. The University Press of Kansas, 1998.
Bartlett, R. D. & Patricia P. Bartlett. Guide and Reference to the Turtles and Lizards of Western North America (North of Mexico) and Hawaii. University Press of Florida, 2009.
Jones, Lawrence, Rob Lovich, editors. Lizards of the American Southwest: A Photographic Field Guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, 2009.
Smith, Hobart M. Handbook of Lizards, Lizards of the United States and of Canada. Cornell University Press, 1946.
Joseph Grinnell and Charles Lewis Camp. A Distributional List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of California. University of California Publications in Zoology Vol. 17, No. 10, pp. 127-208. July 11, 1917.
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The following conservation status listings for this animal are taken from the January 2024 State of California Special Animals List and the January 2024 Federally Listed Endangered and Threatened Animals of California list (unless indicated otherwise below.) Both lists are produced by multiple agencies every year, and sometimes more than once per year, so the conservation status listing information found below might not be from the most recent lists. To make sure you are seeing the most recent listings, go to this California Department of Fish and Wildlife web page where you can search for and download both lists:
https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CNDDB/Plants-and-Animals.
A detailed explanation of the meaning of the status listing symbols can be found at the beginning of the two lists. For quick reference, I have included them on my Special Status Information page.
If no status is listed here, the animal is not included on either list. This most likely indicates that there are no serious conservation concerns for the animal. To find out more about an animal's status you can also go to the NatureServe and IUCN websites to check their rankings.
The Special Animals List shows this lizard as Aspidoscelis tigris stejnegeri - Coastal Whiptail.
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Status Listing |
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| NatureServe Global Ranking |
G5T5 |
Secure |
| NatureServe State Ranking |
S3 |
Vulnerable |
| U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) |
None |
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| California Endangered Species Act (CESA) |
None |
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| California Department of Fish and Wildlife |
SSC |
Species of Special Concern |
| Bureau of Land Management |
None |
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| USDA Forest Service |
None |
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| IUCN |
None |
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Dark Blue: Range of this subspecies in California
