California Reptiles & Amphibians

Leptotyphlops humilis cahuilae - Desert Threadsnake



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Range in California: Green

Red: Southwestern Threadsnake






 
Adult, San Diego County Desert
 
Adult, Imperial County
Adult, Imperial County
Adult, Imperial County
 
Adult, San Diego County Courtesy of Tim Burkhardt
 
 
Habitat, Imperial County


Habitat, San Diego County
 
Description

Nonvenomous
Considered harmless to humans.
Size
Adults 7 - 16 inches long (18-41 cm). Hatchlings are around 4 - 5 inches long.
Appearance
A very thin snake with a blunt head and tail. The tail is tipped with a small spine. Eyes are nonfunctional dark spots visible under translucent plates. The scales are shiny and cycloid. Belly plates are not enlarged. The lower jaw is countersunk.
Coloring is brown, purple, or pink.
Behavior
When hunting for food, burrows under roots, rocks, and into ants nests. Often found under rocks, boards, or other surface debris where the soil is slightly moist. Sometimes found crawling on roads at night.

When threatened, this snake often writhes around, forming a tight coil while releasing pungent fluids from the cloaca. These fluids serve to repel defensive attacks by the ants and termites on which it feeds.
Diet
Eats ants and termites and their larvae and pupae, and occasionally other small insects.
Reproduction
Mates in the spring, lays eggs July - August. Females tend to the eggs, and may use communal nests.
Range
Occurs in southeastern California, west of the peninsular ranges and east into southwest Arizona, south into Sonora and Baja California.
Habitat
Inhabits areas where the soil is suitable for burrowing: brushy mountain slopes, deserts, rocky hillsides, washes near streams.
Taxonomic Notes
Some herpetologists do not recognize subspecies of Leptotyphlops humilis.
Conservation Issues  (Conservation Status)
None.

Taxonomy
Family Leptotyphlopidae Blind Snakes (Threadsnakes)
Genus Leptotyphlops Threadsnakes
Species humilis Western Threadsnakes
Subspecies


cahilae Desert Threadsnake
Original Description
Leptotyphlops - Fitzinger, 1843 - Syst. Rept., p. 24
Leptotyphlops humilis - (Baird and Girard, 1853) - Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, p. 143
Leptotyphlops humilis cahuilae - Klauber, 1931 - Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 6, No. 23, p. 339

from Original Description Citations for the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America © Ellin Beltz

Meaning of the Scientific Name
Leptotyplhops - Greek - leptos - slender or thin, Greek - typhlos - blind and Greek - ops - eye -- referring to the small size, slender aspect and lack of functional eyes.
humilis
- Latin - small or ground dwelling -- no specific reason in original description.
cahuilae - of Lake Cahuila -- near the type locality, CA

from Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America - Explained © Ellin Beltz

Alternate Names
Blind Snake

Leptotyphlops humilis
- Western Blind Snake (no subspecies recognized)

Related or Similar California Snakes
L. h. humilis - Southwestern Threadsnake

More Information and References
Natureserve Explorer

California Dept. of Fish and Game

Stebbins, Robert C. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. 3rd Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2003.

Behler, John L., & F. Wayne King. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.

Bartlett, R.D. , & Alan Tennant. Snakes of North America - Western Region. Gulf Publishing Co., 2000.

Ernst, Carl H., Evelyn M. Ernst, & Robert M. Corker. Snakes of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, 2003.

Wright, Albert Hazen & Anna Allen Wright. Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Cornell University Press.

Brown, Philip R. A Field Guide to Snakes of California. Gulf Publishing Co., 1997.

Conservation Status

The following status listings come from the Special Animals List which is published several times each year by the California Department of Fish and Game.

This snake is not included on the Special Animals List, which indicates that there are no significant conservation concerns for it in California.
Organization
Status Listing
U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA)
California Endangered Species Act (CESA)
California Department of Fish and Game
Bureau of Land Management
USDA Forest Service
Natureserve Global Conservation Status Ranks
World Conservation Union - IUCN Red List





 

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