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| Adult, San Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles County |
Adult, San Diego County
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Adult, San Diego County |
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| Adult male, San Diego County |
Adult, Tejon Pass, Los Angeles County |
Nearly patternless adult, Orange County © Craig Hoover |
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| Adult female, Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County |
Adults, Orange County © Jeff Ahrens |
Adult, Orange County © Jeff Ahrens |
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| Adult, Orange County © Jeff Ahrens |
Adult, Orange County © Jeff Ahrens |
Adult, Riverside County © Jeff Ahrens |
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| Adult, Kern County |
Adult, Santa Cruz Island,
Santa Barbara County |
Adult, Santa Barbara County
© Francesca Heras |
Dark stripes on the sides of the head from the eye to the shoulder help to identify this frog. |
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Adult inbetween green and brown phases, Ventura County
© Mark Kroenke |
Adult inbetween green and brown phases, Ventura County
© Mark Kroenke |
Using the enlarged pads on their toes, Treefrogs are excellent climbers. This one is hanging onto a glass car window.
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| These treefrogs have enlarged rounded toe pads that help them climb and can help you distinguish treefrogs from other types of frogs and toads. |
The toe pads are like little suction cups (seen here from underneath the toes.)
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Adult male Sierran treefrog, showing the yellow "flash color" markings on the inner thighs which are also evident on this species. When the frog fears an attack from a predator, it jumps away, stretching the legs out and exposing the bright color. The predator automatically focuses on the bright color when it pursues the frog, but the color suddenly disappears when the frog lands and folds up its legs. This can confuse the predator long enough to allow the frog to escape. |
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| Breeding Season |
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Calling adult male, Orange County
© Jason Jones
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Calling adult male, Los Angeles County |
Adults in amplexus, Riverside County.
© Mike Pecora |
Egg mass, Kern County |
More pictures of Baja California Treefrog Eggs and Tadpoles
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| Comparison with Similar Sympatric Species |
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Top:
Baja California Treefrog
Bottom: California Treefrog (Pseudacris cadaverina)
Found
in the same creek in the San Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles County.
Note the wide dark stripe through the eye of the Baja California Treefrog which is not present on the California Treefrog. |
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The Baja California Treefrog has a
wide dark stripe through eye |
The California Treefrog does not have a wide dark stripe through the eye |
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| Habitat |
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| Habitat, pond in San Diego County coastal chaparral |
Habitat, riparian desert canyon,
Riverside County |
Desert riparian canyon habitat,
San Bernardino County |
Habitat, 340 ft. Kern County |
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| Habitat, small creek, San Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles County |
Habitat, creek, coastal
San Diego County
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Habitat,2,500 ft. Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County
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Habitat, 2,500 ft. Kern County |
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Habitat (riparian) 800 ft.,
San Diego County
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Egg-laying habitat, San Diego County
© Jeff Ahrens |
Habitat, Coastal Southern California
© Ivan Vershynin |
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| Tar Pit Habitat |
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| Juvenile, Ventura County © Naomi Pitcairn |
Habitat, Ventura County © Naomi Pitcairn |
| Naomi Pitcairn discovered Baja California Treefrogs inhabiting the tar pits seen above in Ventura County. Frogs were found in the flowing water of a pool in the tar pit and next to a dry hole at the edge. Abundant dead bugs and animals were found in the tar also, so it's an interesting mystery how these frogs can survive in such a dangerously sticky habitat. |
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| Short Videos |
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A male Baja California Treefrog calls at night as part of a chorus of frogs in Kern County. He starts with the two-parted call, then speeds up a bit slurring the two parts together into what is almost a one-part call which he then alternates with the two-parted call. |
A Baja California Treefrog in a small mountain stream. |
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| Description |
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| Size |
Adults are .75 - 2 inches long from snout to vent (1.9 - 5.1 cm). (Stebbins, 2003)
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| Appearance |
A small frog with a large head, large eyes, a slim waist, round pads on the toe tips, limited webbing between the toes, and a wide dark stripe through the middle of each eye that extends from the nostrils to the shoulders.
Legs are long and slender.
Skin is smooth and moist.
Often there is a Y-shaped marking between the eyes.
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| Color and Pattern |
Dorsal body coloring is variable: green, tan, brown, gray, reddish, cream, but it is most often green or brown.
The underside is pale with yellow underneath the back legs.
Ability to Change Color
The dark eye stripe does not change, but the body color and dark markings can quickly change from dark to light, and the body color itself can also change, typically from brown to green or vice versa or a combination of both, in response to environmental conditions.
A study of Hyla (Pseuacris) regilla in Washington concluded that "H. regilla has control over and can change its hue, chroma, and lightness during time periods on the order of minutes." ..."...we support the idea that physiological color change has evolved as a mechanism to allow rapid background matching as a tree frog moves from one location to another."
(James C. Stegen et al. The control of color change in the Pacific tree frog, Hyla regilla. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 2004, Vol. 82, No. 6)
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| Male/Female Differences |
| The male's throat is darkened and wrinkled. |
| Young |
| Similar to adults. |
| Larvae (Tadpoles) |
Tadpoles are up to 1 7/8 inches long ( 4.7 cm) blackish to dark brown and light below with a broze sheen.
The intestines are not visible.
Viewed from above, the eyes extend to the outline of the head.
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| Comparison with sympatric California Treefrogs - Pseudacris cadaverina |
Adults
Baja California Treefrogs have a dark stripe through each eye.
California Treefrogs do not have a dark stripe through each eye.
Baja California Treefrogs are found in a variety of colors including greens, greys and browns.
California Treefrogs are mostly pale with some dark markings.
Tadpoles
Baja California Treefrog tadpoles have eyes that when seen from above are on the edge of the outline of the head.
California Treefrog tadpoles have eyes that, when viewed from above, are set barely within the outline of the head.
California Treefrog tadpoles have a flatter body than those of Baja California Treefrogs, and a more acute snout.
(Stebbins & McGinnis, 2012)
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| Life History and Behavior |
| Activity |
Active both day and night, becoming mostly nocturnal during dry periods.
During wet weather, they move around in low vegetation. In locations at low elevations where temperatures are more moderate, frogs may be active all year. At colder or hotter locations, frogs avoid temperature extremes by hibernating in moist shelters such as dense vegetation, debris piles, crevices, mammal burrows, and even human buildings.
The name "treefrog" is not entirely accurate. This frog is chiefly a ground-dweller, living among shrubs and grass typically near water, but occasionally it can also be found climbing high in vegetation and on trees. Its large toe pads allow it to climb easily, and cling to branches, twigs, and grass.
Green body color absorbs more solar radiation which can be more beneficial in cold and aquatic habitats.
Brown body color absorbs less solar radiation, which may be more beneficial in drier, hotter, more terrestrial habitats. |
| Defense |
| When disturbed, this frog typically hops a large distance or jumps into the water and swims into vegetation to hide. But at times they will use their cryptic body color to avoid predation by remaining motionless. |
Territoriality
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| Males are territorial during the breeding season, producing a slow trilled encounter call to warn other males. |
| Longevity |
| Not known. |
| Voice (Listen) |
Advertisement calls are heard during the evening and at night, and during the daytime at the peak of the breeding season.
Males produce two different kinds of very loud advertisement calls: a two-parted, or diphasic call, typically described as rib-it, or krek-ek, with the last syllable rising in inflection, and a one-part, or monophasic call, also called the enhanced mate attraction call.
They also produce a slow trilled encounter call, a release call, and a land call, which is a prolonged one-note sound that is produced much of the year, especially during the beginning of the fall rains.
The most commonly heard frog in its range.
(The call of the Baja California Treefrog is known throughout the world through its wide use as a nighttime background sound in old Hollywood movies, even those which are set in areas well outside the range of this frog. The call of the Baja California Treefrog is identical to that of the Sierran Treefrog and the Pacific Treefrog, and it is possible that the calls any of these species were used as movie sound effects.) |
| Diet and Feeding |
Eats a wide variety of invertebrates, primarily on the ground at night, including a high percentage of flying insects.
During the breeding season, they also feed during the day.
Typical of most frogs, prey is located by vision, then the frog lunges with a large sticky tongue to catch the prey and bring it into the mouth to eat.
Tadpoles are suspension feeders, eating a variety of prey including algaes, bacteria, protozoa and organic and inorganic debris. |
| Reproduction |
Reproduction is aquatic.
Fertilization is external, with the male grasping the back of the female and releasing sperm as the female lays her eggs.
The reproductive cycle is similar to that of most North American Frogs and Toads. Mature adults come into breeding condition and move to ponds or ditches where the males call to advertise their fitness to competing males and to females. Males and females pair up in amplexus in the water where the female lays her eggs as the male fertilizes them externally. The adults leave the water and the eggs hatch into tadpoles which feed in the water and eventually grow four legs, lose their tails and emerge onto land where they disperse into the surrounding territory.
Breeding and egg-laying occurs between November until July, depending on the location.
Adults probably become reproductively mature in their first year. Mature adults come into breeding condition and move to ponds or ditches where the males call to advertise their fitness to competing males and to females. These calls attract more males, then eventually females. Males call while in or next to water at night, and during daylight during the peak of breeding when calling can occur all day and night.
Males and females pair up in amplexus in the water where the female lays her eggs as the male fertilizes them externally. The adults leave the water and the eggs hatch into tadpoles which feed in the water and eventually grow four legs, lose their tails and emerge onto land where they disperse into the surrounding territory.
Some males and females have been observed staying only a few weeks at a breeding site. Some males have been observed moving to another site. And others have been observed staying at a site the entire breeding season.
Males are territorial during the breeding season, establishing territories that they will defend with an encounter call or by physically butting and wrestling with another male. Satellite male breeding behavior has been observed - a silent male will intercept and mate with females that are attracted to the calling of other territorial males.
Breeding locations include slow streams, permanent and seasonal ponds, reservoirs, ditches, lakes, marshes, shallow vegetated wetlands, wet meadows, forested swamps, potholes, artificial ponds, and roadside ditches. The Baja California Treefrog tends to avoid large lakes or streams with very cold water. |
| Eggs |
Females lay on average between 400 - 750 eggs in small, loose, irregular clusters of 10 - 80 eggs each.
(Rorabaugh & Lannoo, Lannoo, 2005)
Egg clusters are attached to sticks, stems, or grass in quiet shallow water.
The eggs hatch in two to three weeks.
Eggs appear to be resistant to the negative effects of solar UV-B radiation and even to increased water acidification.
Eggs can also survive freezing temperatures for a short time.
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| Tadpoles and Young |
Tadpoles aggregate for thermoregulation and to avoid predation.
Tadpoles metamorphose in about 2 to 2.5 months, generally from June to late August.
In summer, there are often large congregations of new metamorphs along the banks of breeding pools.
Metamorphosed juveniles leave their birth pond soon after transformation, dispersing into adult habitats.
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| Habitat |
This species utilizes a wide variety of habitats, often far from water outside of the breeding season, including forest, woodland, chaparral, grassland, pastures, desert streams and oases, underground caves, and urban areas.
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| Geographical Range |
The range of this species is not clear, due to the small number of specimens sampled for the study that described it as a new species in 2006. (see Taxonomic Notes below.) It is apparenty found throughout southern California, south of Santa Barbara County and Bakersfield, excluding most of the southeast deserts. It ranges farther east into southern Nevada, and farther south into Baja California. Also present on Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa Islands.
There are a number of isolated desert locations, including Afton Canyon, Zzyx Springs, Pushawalla Palms, Harper's Well, Little Lake, Trona, Tecopa, Saratoga Springs, the Panamint Mountains, and scattered locations along the Mojave River including Barstow, Oro Grande, and NE of Yermo. Populations at California City and Soda Springs (probably Zzyx) are probably introduced (Stebbins, 2003). Also shown as present along the Colorado River at Lake Havasu. I find no records yet for that area, but I have heard them calling at a pond near Fort Mohave Arizona, just north of there.
The northern contact zone with Pseudacris sierra is unlear. It ranges at least as far north as Bakersfield, and into the Owens Valley, but how far north it ranges in the southern San Joaquin Valley, and whether it occurs in the southern Sierra Nevada mountains, including the Kern Plateau, and the northern Owens Valley, is not clear.
Specific named localities in the 2006 Recuero et al study are:
San Diego County, Pala junction on Hwy. 76
Los Angeles County, Santa Monica Mountains
Santa Barbara County, Buellton
Inyo County, Surprise Canyon
Inyo County, Little Lake
Inyo County Indian Joe Canyon
Kern County, Bakersfield
Nye County Nevada, Beatty
Nonindigenous Populations
Introduced populations in Arizona at plant nurseries near Phoenix and in cattle ponds in the Virgin Mountains (Rorabaugh and Lannoo - Amphibiaweb and Brenenan and Holycross, 2006) might be this species since it is the species which occurs closest to those areas, but they could also have been transported from other locations where other similar species are found. (P. regilla has been found in transported Christmas trees, I have received an email from someone who found a Treefrog in a box of celery that originated from the Oxnard/Santa Maria area, and P. sierra have been found in Florida in horticultural shipments from Santa Rosa, California.)
Populations in California at California City and Soda Springs (probably Zzyx) are probably introduced (Stebbins, 2003).
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| Elevational Range |
The former species Pseudacris regilla ranged from sea level to (11,600 ft) in the Sierra Nevada Mountains (3,536 m.) (Rorabaugh and Lannoo - Amphibiaweb).
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| Notes on Taxonomy |
The naming of this frog has been confusing for years, and in 2006 it got even more confusing when one species of frog was split into three species (see the information directly below.) I am using this three species taxonomy on this website because it has been adopted by some reputable Herpetological associations, but it is still not universally accepted. Some herpetologist believe that it is not accurate because there are no obvious differences in appearance or in the advertisement calls between the three species of frogs.
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"We (actually the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, the Herpetologists' League, and the American Society of
Ichthyologists and Herpetologists) have decided it best to call our local loud mouths, the Pacific Treefrog, Pseudacris regilla.
So, we're going to acknowledge that the species is not a treefrog, it's a chorus frog. But, we're going to concede that the vernacular doesn't have to be an accurate reflection of phylogeny and go with the traditional, well-recognized name, Pacific Treefrog." Kelly McAllister, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
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One species (Pseudacris regilla) becomes three species:
In 2006 Recuero et al published evidence that Pseudacris regilla is actually made up of 3 species. However, they assigned names to two of the species which they later determined were incorrect. The three species were correctly named in a followup paper.
((Recuero, Ernesto, Íñigo Martínez-Solano, Gabriela Parra-Olea, Mario García-París. Phylogeography of Pseudacris regilla (Anura: Hylidae) in western North America, with a proposal for a new taxonomic rearrangement 2006 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39: 293-304
Recuero, Ernesto, Íñigo Martínez-Solano, Gabriela Parra-Olea, Mario García-París. Corrigendum to ‘‘Phylogeography of Pseudacris regilla (Anura: Hylidae) in western North America, with a proposal for a new taxonomic rearrangement’’ [Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 39 (2006) 293–304]
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 41(2): pp. 511.))
The names they gave these three species are:
Pseudacris regilla - Northwest Chorus Frog
This is the northern clade, ranging along the north coast from approximately Humboldt County north into parts of Oregon and Washington.
Pseudacris sierra - Pacific Chorus Frog
This is the central clade, ranging approximately from Humboldt County south to Santa Barbara, and east into the Sierras, and the Northcentral, and Northeast part of the state, including Shasta County, and into Nevada, Eastern Oregon, Idaho and Montana.
Pseudacris hypochondriaca - Baja California Chorus Frog
This is the southern clade, ranging approximately from Santa Barbara south throughout Baja California, east to Bakersfield, Beatty, and southern Inyo County. This species is comprised of two subspecies, P. h. curta, which occurs in Baja California, and P. h. hypochondriaca, which occurs in California.
The authors do not provide detailed maps or descriptions of the ranges of the three species and they do not describe the contact zones between the species. They also do not provide any locality information for P. regilla, leaving me to consult previous work on the former subspecies Pseudacris regilla pacifica. This makes it hard to determine where these species occur in the state.
The dark spots on the following map are the approximate localities of the small sample of specimens used in the study. The colored areas are a guess at the range of each species. According a range map put online by the U.S.G.S., P. regilla does not even occur in California, but I have included it on my map because I believe the old subspecies P. r. pacifica ranged south along the north coast to Humboldt County, though I have no reference yet to back that up. It is possible that the species does not occur in California. Obviously, much more research is needed on these three species.
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The 2017 SSAR Herpetological Circular No. 43 (scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico) comments that
the three species may once again be regarded as only one species, Pseudacris regilla: "Barrow et al. (2014, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 75: 78–900) suggested that the distinction of P. hypochondriaca and P. sierra, drawn on the basis of mtDNA, was not supported by nDNA analysis. This suggests that this taxon will ultimately be included in the synonymy of Pseudacris regilla."
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Genus Hyliola
In a paper published April 2016 * William E. Duellman, Angela B. Marion & S. Blair Hedges present a new phylogenetic tree of hylid frogs (Family Hylidae Rafinesque, 1815) that consists of three families, nine subfamilies, and six resurrected generic names and five new generic names. The family Hylidae contains 7 subfamiles, based on molecular information, not necessarily morphologic characters. Using this tree, the four hylid species found in California become part of the subfamily Acridinae (Acridinae Mivart, 1869) which contains two genera, Pseudacris, and Hyliola (Hyliola Mocquard, 1899.) Our treefrogs (formerly placed in the genus Pseudacris) are placed in the genus Hyliola:
Hyliola cadaverina (Cope),
Hyliola hypochondriaca (Hallowell),
Hyliola regilla (Baird and Girard) &
Hyliola sierra (Jameson, Mackey, and Richmond.)
* William E. Duellman, Angela B. Marion & S. Blair Hedges. Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)
Zootaxa 4104 (1): 001–109 http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press. |
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Alternate and Previous Names (Synonyms)
The Generic name of this species was changed from Hyla (Treefrogs) to Pseudacris (Chorus Frogs). This creates confusion when some continue to use Treefrog because it has been used for many years (as I do here, following the SSAR) while others use Chorus Frog, which is actually more accurate.
(See comments directly above on the use of yet another new genus Hyliola.)
Pseudacris regilla - Pacific Chorus Frog (McGinnis & Stebbins 2018)
Hyliola regilla (Duellman, Marion, & Hedges 2016)
Pseudacris regilla - Pacific Chorus Frog (Pacific Treefrog) (Stebbins & McGinnis 2012)
Hyla regilla - Pacific Treefrog (Stebbins 1966, 1985)
Hyla regilla - Pacific Tree-Frog (Stebbins 1954)
Hyla regilla - Pacific Tree Frog (Pacific Tree Toad, Pacific Hyla, Wood Frog, Pacific Coast Tree Toad) (Wright & Wright 1949)
Hyla regilla - Pacific Tree-toad (Storer 1925)
Hyla regilla - Pacific Tree-frog - Western Tree-frog, Wood-frog, Pacific Hyla, Tree-toad, Cadaverous Hyla, Greeny, Cape San Lucas Hyla (Litoria occidentalis; Hyla scapularis; Hyla nebulosa; Hyla scapularis var. hypochondriaca; Hyla cadaverina; Hyla regilla var. scapularis) (Grinnell and Camp 1917)
Hyla curta (Van Denburgh 1905)
Hyla scapularis (Hallowell 1854)
Hyla nebulosa (Hallowell 1854)
Hyla regilla (Baird & Girard 1852)
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| Conservation Issues (Conservation Status) |
This species is not considered to be declining in population.
Tadpoles are sensitive to nitrites and excess nitrite concentrations from agricultural runoff could cause them harm.
Diseases, pollution, parasites, and non-native predators can all be a threat to all frogs.
More information about frog deformities and malformations. |
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| Taxonomy |
| Family |
Hylidae |
Treefrogs |
Laurenti, 1768 |
| Genus |
Pseudacris |
Chorus Frogs |
Fitzinger, 1843 |
| Species |
hypochondriaca |
Baja California Treefrog
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(Hallowell, 1854) |
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Original Description |
Hyla or Pseudacris regilla (Baird and Girard, 1852) - Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Vol. 6, p. 174
Recuero, Martinez-Solano, Parra-Olea, and García-París, 2006
from Original Description Citations for the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America © Ellin Beltz
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Meaning of the Scientific Name |
Pseudacris - Greek - pseudes false, deceptive and Greek - akris locust - means "false Acris" with reference to genus Acris
from Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America - Explained © Ellin Beltz
The species name does not mean that this species is a hypochondriac - it refers to the hypochondrium, though I'm not sure why.
hypochondriac - Greek - pertaining to the hypochondrium, the upper lateral region of the abdomen, marked by the lower ribs.
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Alternate Names |
The Generic name of this species was changed from Hyla (Treefrogs) to Pseudacris (Chorus Frogs). This creates confusion when some continue to use Treefrog (as I do here, along with the SSAR and the CNAH) because it has been used for many years, and others use Chorus Frog, which is more accurate.
Pseudacris hypochondriaca - Baja California Chorus Frog
Pseudacris regilla - Pacific Chorus Frog
Pseudacris regilla - Pacific Treefrog
Hyla regilla - Pacific Treefrog
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Related or Similar California Frogs |
Pseudacris regilla - Pacific Treefrog
Pseudacris sierra - Sierran Treefrog
Pseudacris cadaverina - California Treefrog
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More Information and References |
U. S. Geological Survey (With maps and information about the 3 species split of the former Pseudacris regilla species.)
California Department of Fish and Wildlife
AmphibiaWeb
Stebbins, Robert C., and McGinnis, Samuel M. Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of California: Revised Edition (California Natural History Guides) University of California Press, 2012.
Stebbins, Robert C. California Amphibians and Reptiles. The University of California Press, 1972.
Flaxington, William C. Amphibians and Reptiles of California: Field Observations, Distribution, and Natural History. Fieldnotes Press, Anaheim, California, 2021.
Samuel M. McGinnis and Robert C. Stebbins. Peterson Field Guide to Western Reptiles & Amphibians. 4th Edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2018.
Stebbins, Robert C. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. 3rd Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2003.
Behler, John L., and F. Wayne King. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.
Powell, Robert., Joseph T. Collins, and Errol D. Hooper Jr. A Key to Amphibians and Reptiles of the Continental United States and Canada. The University Press of Kansas, 1998.Corkran, Charlotte & Chris Thoms. Amphibians of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing, 1996.
Jones, Lawrence L. C. , William P. Leonard, Deanna H. Olson, editors. Amphibians of the Pacific Northwest. Seattle Audubon Society, 2005.
Leonard et. al. Amphibians of Washington and Oregon. Seattle Audubon Society, 1993.
Nussbaum, R. A., E. D. Brodie Jr., and R. M. Storm. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Pacific Northwest. Moscow, Idaho: University Press of Idaho, 1983.
Bartlett, R. D. & Patricia P. Bartlett. Guide and Reference to the Amphibians of Western North America (North of Mexico) and Hawaii. University Press of Florida, 2009.
Elliott, Lang, Carl Gerhardt, and Carlos Davidson. Frogs and Toads of North America, a Comprehensive Guide to their Identification, Behavior, and Calls. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009.
Lannoo, Michael (Editor). Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press, June 2005.
Storer, Tracy I. A Synopsis of the Amphibia of California. University of California Press Berkeley, California 1925.
Wright, Albert Hazen and Anna Wright. Handbook of Frogs and Toads of the United States and Canada. Cornell University Press, 1949.
Davidson, Carlos. Booklet to the CD Frog and Toad Calls of the Pacific Coast - Vanishing Voices. Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, 1995.
Recuero, Ernesto, Íñigo Martínez-Solano, Gabriela Parra-Olea, Mario García-París. Phylogeography of Pseudacris regilla (Anura: Hylidae) in western North America, with a proposal for a new taxonomic rearrangement 2006 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39: 293-304
Recuero, Ernesto, Íñigo Martínez-Solano, Gabriela Parra-Olea, Mario García-París. Corrigendum to ‘‘Phylogeography of Pseudacris regilla (Anura: Hylidae) in western North America, with a proposal for a new taxonomic rearrangement’’ [Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 39 (2006) 293–304]
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 41(2): pp. 511.
Brennan, Thomas C., and Andrew T. Holycross. Amphibians and Reptiles in Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department, 2006.
Joseph Grinnell and Charles Lewis Camp. A Distributional List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of California. University of California Publications in Zoology Vol. 17, No. 10, pp. 127-208. July 11, 1917.
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The following conservation status listings for this animal are taken from the January 2024 State of California Special Animals List and the January 2024 Federally Listed Endangered and Threatened Animals of California list (unless indicated otherwise below.) Both lists are produced by multiple agencies every year, and sometimes more than once per year, so the conservation status listing information found below might not be from the most recent lists. To make sure you are seeing the most recent listings, go to this California Department of Fish and Wildlife web page where you can search for and download both lists:
https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CNDDB/Plants-and-Animals.
A detailed explanation of the meaning of the status listing symbols can be found at the beginning of the two lists. For quick reference, I have included them on my Special Status Information page.
If no status is listed here, the animal is not included on either list. This most likely indicates that there are no serious conservation concerns for the animal. To find out more about an animal's status you can also go to the NatureServe and IUCN websites to check their rankings.
This frog is not included on the Special Animals List, meaning there are no significant conservation concerns for it in California according to the Dept. of Fish and Game.
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| Organization |
Status Listing |
Notes |
| NatureServe Global Ranking |
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| NatureServe State Ranking |
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| U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) |
None |
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| California Endangered Species Act (CESA) |
None |
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| California Department of Fish and Wildlife |
None |
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| Bureau of Land Management |
None |
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| USDA Forest Service |
None |
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| IUCN |
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